Al2o3 mukubatanidzwa kwe1930s kukanda maitiro. Izvo zvishoma zvavari, iyo yakadzika iyo interfcial tension, uye zvakanyanya kuoma kuti vabvise. Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti kusimba kwechimiro chechimiro che deoxidation zvigadzirwa, iyo yakakwira inonyungudika nzvimbo, iyo yakakura kabhejeni, uye kushaya simba kwemakemikari nemidziyo yemvura ine simbi yemvura. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe kana iyo Refractor Solid Sprents nguva yakareba seyakaringana kusangana Chiyero chekunyungudika zvakare zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwemakemikari ekuraira. Kudzvinyirira kwe 0,20% carbon simbi ndeye 6 times ayo emhangura, nepo iyo ye 0.90% carbon Simbi ndeye l4 nguva iyo yemhangura. Mhosva yacho inogona kutorwa sedunhu repiri renzvimbo yazvino maererano nemutemo waJoule: B. Yakakwira kabhoni, yakaderera phosphorus. Kana pasina marezinesi mamiriro ekushanda kwekushanda, iko kushanda panguva ino kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kweupfu hwekupfira, kunogona zvakare kushandisa kuyananisa kubikwa, uye deposphorization muConarbonation. Zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinogadzirwa zvesimbi zvakadzikiswa, zvakafanana mune zvivakwa kuti ubvise simbi asi chakasimba pane chakakandwa simbi. Mukukanda, zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinowanzo kuremara senge porosity zvikanganiso uye zvisingafungidziriki kona pamusoro, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kujeketi mukushandiswa kwenguva refu. Kuti uzarure zvizere deoxygenate yakanyungudutswa simbi, calcium carbide slag inofanira kuchengetwa kwe20 ~ 30min. Kana Calcium Carbide Slag ichishandiswa kubereka simbi, iyo kabhoni yemahara mukusa slag ichaitawo kabhoni apera yesimbi. Calcium Carbide Slag yakakamurwa kuita isina kusimba calcium carbide slag (cac21% ~ 1.5%) uye yakasimba calcium carbide
Chimwe chezvakanakira 310s corrosion inodzivirira chivakwa chesimbi chinokandirwa kushandurwa kwekugadzira. Iko kusarudzwa kwekugadzira kwechimiro uye saizi yekukanda, kunyanya zvikamu zvine mwero akaomarara uye zvikamu zvehombodo, zvinogona kuitwa neakasarudzika maitiro ekuumbwa. Chimiro chacho nechimiro shanduko iri nyore kwazvo, kubva pakudhirowa kune iyo yakapera Chigadzirwa Shanduko yekumhanya inomhanya kwazvo, inokodzera kukurumidza mhinduro uye kupfupisa nguva yekutumira. Chimiro chekushushikana chechimiro uye chakakwana dhizaini sezvinoita mwero wetsvina hazvigoni kusimuka zvachose Kune iyo vira yemagetsi ine huwandu hukuru, nekuda kwekunakidzwa kwekunakidzwa uye kwakaoma kutonhora, zviri nyore kuoneka kupisa kwakanyanya simbi kana kukanganisa kuderedzwa uye kudururwa kwesimbi. C. Poss Carbon, high phosphorus.
Kuti udzivise kukurumidza kutonhora kwendima yakanyungudutswa, ore inofanira kuwedzerwa mumabhedha Yunifomu uye yakanyanya kubhururuka yedziva yakanyungudutswa inonyanya kudzorwa nemuyero wekuwedzera ore uye nguva yekupindirana yakachengetedzwa. Kana tembiricha yedziva yakanyungudutswa yakakwira, chiyero chekuwedzera ore hazvigone kutsanya zvakanyanya. Kana iyo firce flame inowoneka mumusuwo wechoto uye electrode gomba, ore inofanira kumiswa kuti udzivise spatter kana simbi inoshanda tsaona. Simbi yekukanda metallurgical kugadzira ine kusimba kwakasimba uye kusarudzika, kunogona kusarudza akasiyana emakemikari emakemikari uye chimiro chekugadzirisa, chinja kune zvinodiwa zvemapurojekiti akasiyana siyana; Inogona kusarudza manhamba emakwenzi uye mashandiro ebasa mune dzakasiyana siyana kuburikidza akasiyana ekupisa ekurapa ekurapa maitiro, uye ane zvakanaka zvivakwa uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa. Molybdenum mune akawanda tungsten mesera anogona kutsiva chikamu che tungsten mukuumbwa, saka kutariswa kwakasimba kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune izvo zvinoshandiswa. Dzimwe nguva iyo simbi yemvura iri deoxidased zvakanaka, asi nekuda kweiyo yakakwira zvemukati yehydrogen muchipfumo, chidimbu chidimbu chesimbi. Kana ichiri kusimuka, iyo hydrogen yemukati muSimbi yakakwira.
Inofanira kunongedzerwa kuridza mhirizhonga kana gasi mugomba rakanyungudutswa rinogona kubhinya zvakanaka, asi hazvigadzirise oxidation yekusachena musimboti, uye iyo ledidid yetsvina yakawanda inotsamira paokisijeni. Naizvozvo, kana oksijeni haina kupihwa mudziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yeLodiidation nguva, Argon kana Co gasi haigoni kuridzwa yega, uye simbi yemvura haizove yakachena. Iyo isotropy yekukanda simbi yezvinyorwa uye yakasimba yakazara chimiro chekukandwa simbi steel mhedzisiro muinjiniya kuvimbika. Mukuwedzera, ine iyo yemakwikwi emucheto mumutengo uye hupfumi nekuda kwekuremerwa kwayo kwechiedza uye pfupi pfupi yekuzvitakura nguva. Nhanho yechina: Kunyungudutsa low tembiricha zone crade. Iyo nhatu-phase arc yakafanana neyekupisa kupisa sosi, uye radiwe reddiation yechikamu chimwe nechimwe hachina kugoverwa, saka kugovera tembiricha muvira haisi yunifomu. Muzhinji, iyo yekubhadhara yakachekwa inokurumidza pazasi peElectrode neye 2 # electrode yekupisa, nepo iyo yekunyungudika inonyanyoka kunzvimbo yekudziya padyo nekova Chikamu chechina chinonyanya kunyungudutsa mhosva mune izvi zvikamu.
Dzidzira yakaratidza kuti oksijeni inonzwisisika ichivhuvhuta uye kugadzirwa kwekutanga kwekunyungudika kusanzwisisika kunogona kuyerera zvizere. Mushure mekunge oksijeni ichivhuvhuta, nekuda kwekuita kwekuyerera kwe oksijeni, dziva rakanyungudutswa iri kubheka, iyo inokodzera kuhukura uye kuyangarara. Iyo slag haina kungobatsira chete kuendesa kuderera, asi zvakare inogona kushambadzira nontallic masekiseni zvakanaka. Nhatu, yekunyungudutsa nguva depshonzation yekunyora yekunyungudika kwekushanda kwayo, inogona kubvisa makumi manomwe neshanu muzana. Kurema kwesimbi castings kunosiyana pamusoro pehuwandu hwakawanda. Kurema kwehuremu kunogona kungova makumi emakiromita ekudyara kwekudyara kwekudyara, uye uremu hwesimbi hombe hunogona kunge hwakati wandei matani, makumi ematani ematani.
310s casting process inodzivirira kudzikisira kuremara kuremara chimiro. Mushure mekunge simbi yemvura yakamiswa muumbi, iyo yekutanga dhizaini yemhando ine mold yemukati inokurumidza kusimbiswa mune zvakanaka zviyo nekuda kwekukurumidza kudzora tembiricha. Nenhambwe kubva kumadziro anofa, simba remadziro akafa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye makristasi anokura akrukona crumnar achifanana kune mumwe nemumwe munzira perveni. Pakati pekukanda, kupaza kwekushambadzira hakuna kutungamira kwakakosha, uye kunogona kukura mumativi ese kusvika mumwe nemumwe, saka nzvimbo yekrisimendi yakaenzana yakaumbwa. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti chimiro chekukanda hachisi yunifomu, kazhinji kutaura, zviyo zvakanyanya. Panguva ino, stoke formula inogona kurerutswa mune inotevera formula: v=. Kunyungudika kwekutarisira mushure mekutanga kwemagetsi, ndiko kutanga kwenguva yekunyungudika, kunyungudika kwekushomeka kazhinji kazhinji, kugoverwa kwemarudzi ese ekubhadhara kunofanirwa kuve kunzwisisika.
Nhamba huru yekugadzira yekugadzira yakapfupikiswa: Yakakwira kabhoni Steel Inonyungudutsa, Fluidity, tembiricha yeSimbi inofanira kunge yakaderera, yakaderera carbon tembiricha inofanira kunge yakakwira; Viscosity, yakadai seyakakura chromium simbi, tembiricha inofanirwa kunge yakakwira, uye fluidity yekudzora simbi, yakakwirira manganese simbi kana yakakwirira manganese yakakwira simbi, kupisa kwesimbi, kupisa kwesimbi kunofanirwa kunge kwakaderera; Iko kudzora tembiricha yeiyo yakakwira alloy ine zvakawanda zvekupa zvinhu uye kusvibiswa kunofanirwa kunge kuri kumusoro, nepo tembiricha kudzora kweiyo generay alloy simbi inofanira kunge yakaderera. Iyo tishu haina dense. Iyo crystallization yesimbi yemvura inoitwa nekukura kwematavi, uye goridhe remvura pakati pematavi kunonamatira. Nekudaro, zvakaoma kuzadza matavi ese nesimbi, zvichikonzera kupfeka kwakaraswa. Uye zvakare, iyo simbi yemvura yakaiswa muumbi inogona kuumba kusununguka kana kunyange kuderera kwechikara kana iyo vhoriyamu yayo ichipfuura panguva yekutonhorera uye kusimbisa pasina kudzikiswa kwakakwana. Iyo graphite muakakanda simbi inowanzoonekwa mune yakakura size flake, bhora kana chimwe chimiro, icho chinogona zvakare kutaridzika sechinhu chisina kujairika. Kubatsira kwerudzi urwu kwesimbi yekugadzira ndeyekunyunguzira inogona kudzivirirwa nekusagadzikana, iyo isingangodzikamwi kupisa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, asi zvakare kudzora iyo yechipiri oxidation uye kuyamwisa simbi yakanyauswa. Uye zvakare, iyo isingamwari isinganzwisisike yakamiswa mune simbi inogona kushambidzwa zvizere nekusagadzikana, iyo inokodzera kuyangarara uye kubviswa, uye inogona kuenderera mberi nekuparadza uye kusuwa nemuromo. Naizvozvo, iyi mhando yesimbi yakajairika.
Pamusoro pekukasirwa kweCorrosion-kuramba kwakashata. Iyo nzvimbo inowanzo kuve yakaoma uye haigone kufananidzwa nemakona emamisi, uye chimiro chakaoma kunzwisisa. Muzhinji, vazhinji vesimbi oxidey biling panzvimbo yemasimbi yekubika, senge m0 inovhara nzvimbo ye4800 degree, uye m003. Pfungwa yekubikira iri chete ill00 degree, saka iyo vhesi yemhando dzesimbi dzakawanda dzinowanzove dzichitungamira kulatlilization yakananga yeiyo chinhu. Kune akawanda mhodzi dzemukati muutsi uye guruva rinorevera kubva pamusuwo wechoto kana electrode gomba panguva yekunyungudika, yakawanda yeiyo fe2203. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simbi inogara muchikamu chekupomerwa uye kumanikidzwa kwemvura yesimbi zvakare kwakakura, saka utsi uye guruva zvichipukunyuka munguva yekunyungudika yakanyanya brownish red.
